S.C. Johnson Ltd. helps its customers clean up in the UK. The wholly-owned subsidiary of S.C. Johnson & Son is a Surrey-based manufacturer of household and industrial cleaning and hygiene products that is also known as British Johnson. The company operates a marketing and manufacturing unit in Frimley Green, Surrey; a regional headquarters (for Europe, Africa, and the Near East) in Egham, Surrey; and a European Shared Service Centre in Edinburgh House at Slough in Berkshire. Established in 1915 as its parent's first subsidiary, the firm markets cleaning products for nearly every room in the house. The company's brand names include Autan, Baygon, Brise, Echo, Kabikiller, Klear, and Mr Muscle, among others.

Petrochem Carless wants to keep drivers from having to do without their vehicle. The company offers products such as antifreeze, brake fluids, de-icers, and racing fuels. It also supplies chemical solvents such as alcohols, amines, and esters. Petrochem Carless is one of the top European refiners and distributors of specialty hydrocarbons and advanced automotive fluids, as well as a leading supplier of drilling fluids. It was formed in 2000 when Petrochem bought Carless (which traces its history back to 1859) from Spanish giant Repsol and merged the two companies' operations. The company underwent a management buyout (backed by Lloyds Banking Group) in 2005, and Lloyds offered to buy it outright in 2010.

Whether they're building skyscrapers or tunnels, Sika furnishes its customers with construction chemicals and the raw materials to make concrete. Primarily a specialty chemicals company (adhesives, coatings, and sealants) serving the construction industry, Sika also makes concrete and mortar for the manufacturing sector, and flooring and acoustic products for the automotive industry. Its consumer products are marketed under brands including Sikaflex, Sikabond, and Sikafloor. Sika has about 90 units operating in more than 70 countries and is organized into two divisions: construction (by far the larger of the two, accounting for nearly three-quarters of sales) and industry. Sika Corporation is its US presence.

Mitsubishi Chemical USA has been in the black for decades. The company -- the result of the 1994 merger of Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation and Mitsubishi Petrochemical -- operates through many subsidiaries and joint ventures that produce inks and drums for copiers and printers, as well as phosphor used in computers and TV screens, polyester film used in packaging, and building materials. Other operations include joint venture include Noltex (ethylenevinyl alcohol) and subsidiary Mytex Polymers (automotive plastic compounds). With roots that date back to 1934, Mitsubishi Chemical USA is a wholly owned subsidiary of Mitsubishi Chemical, Japan's largest chemical company.

Chevron and Phillips Petroleum (now ConocoPhillips) formed 50-50 joint venture Chevron Phillips Chemical Company in 2000. Among the largest US petrochemical firms, the company produces ethylene, propylene, polyethylene, and polypropylene -- sometimes used as building blocks for the company's other products such as pipe. Chevron Phillips Chemical also produces aromatics such as benzene and styrene, specialty chemicals such as acetylene black (a form of carbon black), and mining chemicals. The company has several petrochemicals joint ventures in the Middle East, including Saudi Chevron Phillips Company (50%) and Qatar Chemical Company (not quite 50%).

Fu Yu Corporation manufactures and supplies injection moulding and plastic accessories to the worldwide market. Its fabrications services cater to such clients as 3M, Agilent Technologies, and Siemens that primarily reside in the automotive, electronics, information technology, and medical sectors. The company's products are used to produce injection moulding for the assembly of computers and peripherals, cell phones and televisions, and diagnostic and medical equipment. Established in 1978, Fu Yu Corporation owns about a dozen plants and facilities across China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Its Malaysian operations are conducted through majority-owned, publicly traded subsidiary LCTH Corporation.

Hanwha Chemical Corporation emerged, along with its home country's industrial economy, in the early 1960s. Today the diversified South Korean chemical company manufactures polyethylene (for industrial films and packaging products), PVC (pipes, cable insulation, and hoses), and caustic soda (used by the pulp, paper, and petroleum industries). Hanwha has also entered new business areas such as environmental and electronic materials, including water-soluble resins, wastewater treatment technology, and semiconductor slurry.

Sid Richardson Carbon & Energy (SRCE) operates in the black -- as in furnace carbon black, a primary non-rubber additive used in the manufacturing of tires. Its Sid Richardson Carbon subsidiary manufactures and markets carbon black at plants in Louisiana, the Texas Panhandle, and West Texas, where the plants convert diesel oil into material used to harden rubber tires. The company produces more than 970 million tons of carbon black a year. Its more than 30 grades of carbon black are also used in industrial rubber applications such as automotive sealing systems and sheet roofing, as well as for printing inks, paints, and batteries. SRCE is owned by Sid Richardson's heirs, the ultra-rich Bass oil family of Texas.

Linde's business is lighter than air and bigger than everyone else's. Operating in more than 100 countries, it is the world's largest producer of industrial and medical gases. Linde also has an engineering unit that builds process plants for companies in the petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and gas manufacturing industries; the gases unit accounts for about three-quarters of its sales. A third division provides logistics and supply chain solutions to a broad range of commercial and industrial sectors, including electronics, grocery, retail and gas. The company is active worldwide but does about half of its business in Europe.

Iogen Corporation wants to affect the greenhouse effect. The company is developing cellulosic ethanol, a fuel that could conceivably cut carbon dioxide emissions created by automobiles. Cellulosic ethanol is derived from the plant waste (barley, corn, or wheat) farmers leave in the fields after a harvest. Iogen also manufactures enzymes used by the animal feed, paper, pulp, and textile industries. Although a private company, Iogen has some powerful friends and counts Royal Dutch Shell, Goldman Sachs, and the Canadian government among its investors.

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