Orexigen Therapeutics was founded in 2002 and is headquartered in La Jolla, California. Orexigen Therapeutics, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company, focusing on the development of pharmaceutical product candidates for the treatment of obesity. Orexigen Therapeutics's lead combination product candidates targeted for obesity are Contrave, which is in Phase III clinical trials, and Empatic, which is in the later stages of Phase II clinical development. It selected these two product candidates for obesity based research regarding CNS regulation of appetite and energy expenditure, as well as mechanisms in the brain that reinforce unhealthy eating behaviors. Each of these product candidates is a combination of generic drugs that is screened for synergistic CNS activity.

Bionovo, Inc. company was founded in 2002 and is based in Emeryville, California. Bionovo, Inc. is a clinical stage drug discovery and development company focusing on women’s health and cancer. The Company designs drugs derived from botanical sources, which have mechanisms of action. The Company’s drug candidate, Menerba, represents a class of receptor sub-type selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms of menopause, or hot flashes. The Company has designed Menerba to selectively modulate estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). In preclinical studies, Menerba inhibited tumor growth, as well as bone resorption known to cause osteoporosis, which is developed during menopause. The Company was developing BZL101, an oral anti-cancer agent for advanced breast cancer during the year ended December 31, 2008. BZL101 is designed to take advantage of the metabolism of cancer cells. BZL101 inhibits glycolysis, a metabolic pathway on which cancer cells rely.

Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals Inc. company, the US arm of Indian generic pharmaceuticals giant Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited, makes and markets about 50 generic and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. It accounts for about a quarter of its parent's annual revenues. RPI's generic offerings, produced by manufacturing subsidiary Ohm Laboratories, include anti-infectives and treatments for cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and central nervous system disorders. Its OTC products include analgesics, antihistamines, and decongestants. Sister subsidiary Ranbaxy Laboratories, Inc. (RLI) develops branded pharmaceuticals.

Phytopharm is hunting for better drugs. The company struck a deal with Unilever in late 2004 to develop a slimming aid based on the African cactus hoodia, used in Africa to stave off hunger during hunting trips. This developer of botanical pharmaceuticals concentrates on four drug-discovery areas -- obesity and metabolic disease, neurodegeneration, inflammation, and dermatology. In addition, Phytopharm markets two veterinary dermatology products in the UK.

Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc. was founded in 1997 and is based in San Diego, California. Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, engages in discovering, developing, and commercializing oral drugs in the therapeutic areas of cardiovascular, central nervous system, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. The company also discovers small molecule drug candidates that target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Its clinical development programs include lorcaserin in Phase 3 trial program for the treatment of obesity; APD791, an anti-thrombotic drug candidate, which has completed Phase 1a and Phase 1b clinical trials; and APD125 that is in Phase 2b clinical trial for the treatment of insomnia. The company's clinical development programs also include APD597, an oral GPR119 agonist that is in Phase 1 clinical trial for the treatment of type 2 diabetes; APD916 drug candidate, which has completed preclinical development for the treatment of narcolepsy and cataplexy; and APD811, a preclinical drug candidate for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Its drug candidates use GPCR-focused drug discovery and development approach, as well as technologies, including constitutively activated receptor technology and melanophore technology.

Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Achillion) is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of treatments for infectious diseases. Within the anti-infective market, it focuses on the development of antivirals for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C and the development of antibacterials for the treatment of resistant bacterial infections. As of December 31, 2008, Achillion focused its efforts on advancing two late-stage preclinical candidates: ACH-1095, an NS4A antagonist for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, being developed in collaboration with Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Gilead), and ACH-1625, a protease inhibitor also for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. It has a pipeline of other product candidates, for which it is seeking appropriate collaborative partners. These product candidates include elvucitabine for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and ACH-702 for the treatment of serious bacterial infections.

Nanospectra Biosciences, Inc. was founded in 2002 and is based in Houston, Texas. Nanospectra Biosciences, Inc., a medical device company, engages in developing and commercializing particle-based therapies for the selective and precise thermal destruction of solid tumors. The company provides AuroLase Therapy, a medical device that is applicable to the ablation of various solid tumors. It also offers research-use-only nanoparticles with specific optical characteristics.

Emisphere Technologies, Inc. company was founded in 1985. It was formerly known as Clinical Technologies Associates, Inc. and changed its name to Emisphere Technologies, Inc. in 1991. The company is headquartered in Cedar Knolls, New Jersey. Emisphere Technologies, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company, focuses on the delivery of therapeutic molecules and pharmaceutical compounds using its ‘eligen’ technology. The eligen technology could be applied to the oral route of administration, as well as the other delivery pathways, such as buccal, rectal, inhalation, intra-vaginal, or transdermal. The company’s product pipeline includes Oral Salmon Calcitonin, which is in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis; Oral Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone, which is in Phase I clinical trials for the treatment of osteoporosis; and Oral Heparin that is in Phase III clinical trials, as well as Oral Low Molecular Weight Heparin, which is in Phase I clinical trials for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Its products under development also comprise Oral Insulin, which is in Phase II clinical trials, as well as Oral Glucagon-Like Peptides, which is in Phase I clinical trials for the treatment of diabetes; Oral Recombinant Human Growth Hormone that is in Phase I clinical trials for the treatment of growth disorders; and Oral Acyclovir, an anti-viral compound that is in Phase I clinical trials. In addition, the company’s product pipeline consists of Oral PYY 3-36, which is in Phase I clinical trials for treating obesity; Oral Cromolyn Sodium that is in Phase I clinical trials for the treatment of asthma/allergies; and Oral Gallium, a preclinical stage product candidate, for oncology treatment. Emisphere Technologies has collaboration agreements with Novartis Pharma AG; Roche; and Genta, Inc.

Amgen Inc. company was founded in 1980 and is based in Thousand Oaks, California. Amgen Inc., a biotechnology company, engages in the discovery, development, manufacture, and marketing of human therapeutics based on advances in cellular and molecular biology. The company markets human therapeutic products primarily in the areas of supportive cancer care, nephrology, and inflammation. Its principal products include Aranesp and EPOGEN that stimulate the production of red blood cells to treat anemia; Neulasta and NEUPOGEN, which selectively stimulate the production of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that helps the body fight infections; and ENBREL that blocks the biologic activity of tumor necrosis factor by inhibiting TNF, a substance induced in response to inflammatory and immunological responses, such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. The company has a joint venture with Kirin Holdings Company, Limited to manufacture and market darbepoetin alfa; a co-promotion agreement with Wyeth for marketing and selling of ENBREL; and Johnson & Johnson to commercialize recombinant human erythropoietin as a human therapeutic. It markets its products to healthcare providers, including physicians or their clinics, dialysis centers, hospitals, and pharmacies primarily in the United States, Europe, and Canada.

Afexa Life Sciences (formerly CV Technologies) bets that mother nature is always right, but it offers a guarantee just in case. The company uses its ChemBioPrint technology to identify and measure the contents and biological activity of natural health products to ensure batches of herbs and natural compounds are safe and consistent. The company originated as a spin-off from the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Alberta in 1992, and now focuses on the development and manufacturing of natural health products for disease prevention and health maintenance for everyday consumers, especially athletes. COLD-fX is Afexa's lead product and works to strengthen the immune system to prevent colds and the flu.

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