The National Institutes of Health (NIH), through its own research and the distribution of grants, seeks to understand disease inside and out. Part of the US Department of Health and Human Services, the NIH is the government's main medical research entity. It comprises 27 institutes and centers covering every medical discipline, from general medical sciences to alternative therapies. The organization has nearly 6,000 scientists of its own and gives out some 50,000 grants to researchers at more than 3,000 universities, hospitals, and research labs in all 50 states. Among its vast array of projects, NIH has supported efforts to develop an AIDS vaccine, map human genetic variation, and study avian flu.

Biovail Corporation company was founded in 1983 and is headquartered in Mississauga, Canada. Biovail Corporation, a pharmaceutical company, engages in the formulation, clinical testing, registration, manufacture, and commercialization of pharmaceutical products principally in the United States and Canada. The company focuses on central nervous system disorders, pain management, and cardiovascular diseases. Its products include Xenazine for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington's disease; Wellbutrin XL for the treatment of depression in adults; Ultram ER for the management of chronic pain in adults; Zovirax Ointment for the management of initial genital herpes; Zovirax Cream for the treatment of herpes labialis; and Cardizem LA that provides blood pressure control.Biovail Corporation company also provides Tiazac/Tiazac XC for the treatment of hypertension and angina; Wellbutrin SR for the treatment of depression; Zyban for smoking cessation treatment; Monocor for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure; Retavase, a tissue plasminogen activator used in thrombolytic therapy; Glumetza to control hyperglycemia in adult patients with non-insulin dependent and mature onset diabetes; Ralivia for the management of pain; and Nitoman for the treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders, such as Huntington's chorea, Hemiballismus, Senile Chorea, Tic and Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome, and Tardive Dyskinesia. Its legacy products comprise Cardizem CD medications in the calcium channel blocker category of cardiovascular drugs; Ativan for the management of anxiety disorders; and Isordil to treat prophylaxis of ischemic heart pain associated with coronary insufficiency. The company's generic products consist of bioequivalent formulations of Cardizem CD, Adalat CC, Procardia XL, Tiazac, Voltaren XR, and Trental. In addition, it offers research, development, and clinical contract research services to third parties.

Osiris Therapeutics, Inc. company was founded in 1992 and is headquartered in Columbia, Maryland. Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., a stem cell therapeutic company, develops products to treat medical conditions in the inflammatory, orthopedic, and cardiovascular areas in the United States. The company's principal product includes Prochymal, which is in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of steroid refractory Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD), acute GvHD, Crohn's disease, and acute radiation syndrome; and in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of Type I diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Its product also consists of Chondrogen, a Phase II clinical trial product for the treatment of osteoarthritis and the reduction of pain in the knee. Osiris Therapeutics has collaboration agreements with Genzyme Corporation for the development and commercialization of Prochymal and Chondrogen; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation for the development of Prochymal as a treatment for the preservation of insulin production in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes; and JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. for distributing Prochymal for the treatment of GvHD in Japan.

Facet Biotech Corporation, a biotechnology company, engages in the identification and development of oncology therapeutics. Its products in development include Daclizumab, a monoclonal antibody in Phase II clinical studies that binds to the alpha chain of the interleukin-2 receptor on activated T cells; and Volociximab, which is in Phase I/II clinical studies is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that inhibits the functional activity of a protein in activated endothelial cells. The company is also developing Elotuzumab, a monoclonal antibody in Phase I clinical study, which binds to a cell surface glycoprotein that is expressed on myeloma cells and normal human cells; PDL192, a monoclonal antibody in Phase I clinical study, which binds to the tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis receptor; and PDL241, a monoclonal antibody in the preclinical stage for immunologic diseases. Facet Biotech Corporation has a collaboration agreement with Biogen Idec Inc. The company is headquartered in Redwood City, California.

Ono Pharmaceutical traces its history back to 1717, though it took its current form in 1947. Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. is a Japan-based company primarily engaged in the manufacture and sale of pharmaceuticals. The Company offers oral medication for the treatment of bronchial asthma, disturbances of peripheral circulation, chronic pancreatitis and overactive bladder, as well as injection drugs for the treatment of acute lung injury, generalized intravascular coagulation syndrome, acute phase cerebral thrombosis and blood pressure regulators used during surgical operations. The Company has four subsidiaries and two associated companies.

Monogram Biosciences, Inc. Diagnostics company operates in the growing field of personalized medicine, creating laboratory tests that help doctors tailor treatments for infectious disease and cancer patients based on the patients' genetic traits. Its PhenoSense and GenSeq tests determine patients' drug resistance to various classes of HIV drugs. It has also introduced its Trofile assay, which helps doctors choose patients who will be responsive to a new class of HIV drugs called CCR5 antagonists. Monogram markets its products to doctors and reference laboratories (for patient treatment) and to drug researchers (for clinical trials). The company was acquired by LabCorp in 2009.

Cytokinetics, Incorporated company was founded in 1997 and is headquartered in South San Francisco, California. Cytokinetics, Incorporated, a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, engages in the discovery and development of small molecule drug therapeutics for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The company’s lead product includes CK-1827452, a cardiac muscle myosin activator, which is in Phase IIa clinical trials for the treatment of heart failure. Its products under development stage comprise Ispinesib, a kinesin spindle protein inhibitor that is in Phase I/II clinical trials for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer; SB-743921, which is in Phase I/II trials to treat patients with non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma; and GSK-923295, centromere-associated protein E inhibitor, which is in Phase I clinical trials to treat patients with refractory solid tumors. The company’s products under preclinical stage consist of CK-2017357, a skeletal sarcomere activator for the treatment of diseases and conditions associated with muscle weakness or wasting; and smooth muscle myosin inhibitor for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, and diseases and medical conditions associated with bronchoconstriction. It has a strategic alliance with Amgen Inc. to discover, develop, and commercialize novel small-molecule therapeutics that activate cardiac muscle contractility for applications in the treatment of heart failure, as well as with GlaxoSmithKline to develop GSK-923295.

Stallergenes is focused on the development, manufacture, and distribution of immunotherapeutic treatments for food-related and environmental allergies. The company has brought together experts from the fields of biology, botany, and the health community to collaborate on finding ways to deliver relief to people who suffer with problems ranging from asthma to seasonal allergies. These immunotherapy treatments involve conditioning the patient with drugs that introduce pure extracts of the allergen to initiate the body's own natural defenses against it. Wendel Investissement owns about 49% of the company. Stallergenes has research laboratories in Africa, the Americas, Asia, Australia, Europe, and the Middle East.

Vanda Pharmaceuticals was founded in 2002 and is headquartered in Rockville, Maryland. Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc., a biopharmaceutical company, engages in the development and commercialization of clinical-stage drug candidates for central nervous system disorders. Its product portfolio includes Iloperidone (oral), a compound for the treatment of schizophrenia completed Phase III clinical trial; and Tasimelteon, which completed Phase III clinical trials for transient insomnia and chronic primary insomnia. The company's products also comprise Iloperidone (Injectible) for the treatment of schizophrenia and Tasimelteon for the treatment of depression, which are in the Phase II initiation status.

NeurogesX, Inc. (NeurogesX) is a biopharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing pain management therapies. The Company is assembling a portfolio of pain management product candidates and is developing new therapies based on known chemical entities. Its initial focus is on the management of chronic peripheral neuropathic pain conditions. The Company’s most advanced product candidate, Qutenza, a dermal patch containing a high concentration of synthetic capsaicin, is designed to manage pain associated with peripheral neuropathic pain conditions. The Company submitted to the United States Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) an new drug application (NDA) for Qutenza for the management of pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), in October 2008 which was filed by the FDA in December 2008. The Company's Products include Qutenza, NGX-1998, Acetaminophen Prodrugs (NGX-1576, NGX-9674, NGX-5752) and Opioid Prodrugs (NGX-6052).

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