The National Institutes of Health (NIH), through its own research and the distribution of grants, seeks to understand disease inside and out. Part of the US Department of Health and Human Services, the NIH is the government's main medical research entity. It comprises 27 institutes and centers covering every medical discipline, from general medical sciences to alternative therapies. The organization has nearly 6,000 scientists of its own and gives out some 50,000 grants to researchers at more than 3,000 universities, hospitals, and research labs in all 50 states. Among its vast array of projects, NIH has supported efforts to develop an AIDS vaccine, map human genetic variation, and study avian flu.

Stiefel Laboratories, Inc. company's products treat a variety of dermatological ailments including acne, psoriasis, and even warts. Among the company's prescribed products are Duac and Brevoxyl acne medications and rosacea treatment Rosac. Stiefel also makes such over-the-counter remedies as fungal infection treatment Zeasorb and Sarna Lotion for itchy skin. Through subsidiaries, the company has manufacturing, marketing, and research operations in more than 30 countries, and markets it products in more than 70 countries. Founded in 1847, the company was owned by the Stiefel family before being acquired by GlaxoSmithKline in 2009.

Myriad Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company, engages in discovering, developing, and commercializing novel small molecule drugs for the treatment of diseases with high unmet need, including cancer and HIV infection. Its pipeline includes clinical and pre-clinical product candidates with mechanisms of action and novel chemical structures. The company's product candidates in clinical development include Azixa (MPC-6827), which is under Phase II clinical trial for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme and metastatic melanoma; MPC-4326 for HIV-1 infection under Phase IIb clinical trial; and MPC-3100, a Phase I clinical trial product candidate for cancer treatment. Its products in preclinical programs comprise MPI-443803, an orally available, brain penetrant, microtubule destabilizing agent for the treatment of cancer; and MPI-461359, an orally available maturation inhibitor for the treatment of HIV-1 infection, as well as MPI-479605 for the treatment of cancer. The company also offers ProNet, a proprietary database of protein-protein interactions, which encompasses interactions between approximately 10 million protein fragments constructed from various organ tissues, including heart, brain, kidney, liver, breast, and prostate. Myriad Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is based in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Since its founding in 2004, Anthera Pharmaceuticals' operations have consisted primarily of research and development activities. A biopharmaceutical company, Anthera Pharmaceuticals develops drug treatments for respiratory, cardiovascular, and immunological diseases. Its current candidates, which are in various phases of clinical development, include therapies for acute coronary syndrome (inflammation of heart muscle), lupus, and sickle cell disease. The company also has treatments for asthma and dermatitis in earlier stages of development. The company filed an initial public offering (IPO) in mid-2009.

Abbott Nutrition company manufactures and markets nutritional products and devices for customers big and small. A long-held division of Abbott Laboratories, over the years, it has acquired a portfolio of brands that serve multiple niches of the nutritional supplement market. Its infant items include Isomil, PediaSure, Pedialyte, and Similac. In addition, Abbott Nutrition makes adult and diabetic products under brand names such as Ensure, Glucerna, ProSure, and TwoCal. The company also boasts a lengthy list of enteral (feeding) products.

Rosemont Pharmaceuticals keeps the medicine flowing. The drugmaker specializes in generic oral liquid formulations of drugs for patients who have difficulty swallowing pills and capsules, oftentimes elderly patients or young children. It makes more than 90 licensed products under its own brand -- including antibiotics, cardiovascular treatments, analgesics, and corticosteroids -- and distributes them primarily to hospitals, primary care centers, and pharmacies in the UK. It also makes custom liquid formulations of unlicensed drugs (called "Specials") and offers contract manufacturing services. In 2006 Close Brothers backed a management buy-out of Rosemont, which had been a subsidiary of Savient Pharmaceuticals.

MDS Pharma Services saves drugmakers time and energy when it comes to drug discovery. The company, a subsidiary of MDS, is a provider of contract research and development services for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Through facilities in the Americas, Asia, and Europe, MDS Pharma Services provides its clients with early-stage clinical research and development services, such as consulting, target discovery, lead optimization, regulatory assistance, and Phase I-phase IIa testing. It employs an international network of scientists that serve as testing investigators. MDS Pharma has been put up for sale by parent company MDS.

Avacta will take a closer look and get back with you. The biophysics company makes its money from the exact science of detecting molecules. Its Avacta Analysis arm provides analytical and research services to the pharmaceutical, healthcare, and personal care industries. It also offers expert witness services to assist in pharmaceutical patent disputes and suspected counterfeiting cases. The company's technology arm has developed a product to help drug developers analyze and predict the potential usefulness of biological drug compounds. The company also owns veterinary laboratory services provider YorkTest Veterinary Services, and diagnostic test maker Curidium Medica.

Synarc, Inc. provides medical image-analysis, subject-recruitment, and biochemical-marker services to execute clinical trials for life-science industry clients. The company’s services include protocol design, imaging-site selection and training, imaging equipment monitoring, imaging quality assurance, centralized image analysis, centralized biochemical-marker assays, data management, project management, reporting and medical writing, and regulatory consulting and liaison with global agencies. It offers its services in various therapeutic areas, including cardiology, metabolic disorders, neurovascular diseases, neurology, oncology, orthopedics, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Synarc also operates clinical research centers in Europe, China, and Brazil. The company, formerly known as Advanced Imaging Research Services, Inc., was founded in 1998 and is based in San Francisco, California with additional offices in the United States, Denmark, France, Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Romania, Lithuania, Estonia, Brazil, Hong Kong, and China.

NeuTec wants to make visiting the hospital an experience that lessens patient dangers. The biopharmaceutical company identifies and compares antibodies produced by patients who recover from infections (acquired in hospitals) to those produced by patients who die. Then, using its FabTec technology, it develops genetically recombinant antibodies, or "grabs," to treat patients with life-threatening infections. The company's two leading candidates, Mycograb, which targets a fungus in the mouth and skin, and Aurograb, which targets bacterial infections, are in clinical trials in the UK. Mycograb also is in clinical trials in the US.

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