The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (Sanger Institute) is a leading research center dedicated to analyzing and understanding genomics. Best known for its work on the Human Genome Project (the institute is responsible for sequencing one-third of the human genome), the Sanger Institute is applying genomics to the study of organisms that cause diseases such as malaria, typhoid, and tuberculosis. The institute was founded in 1993 by the Wellcome Trust and the Medical Research Council, and has been funded by a $430 million grant from the Wellcome Trust since 2001.

ISTA Pharmaceuticals, Inc. was founded in 1992 and is headquartered in Irvine, California. ISTA Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is an ophthalmic pharmaceutical company with products and product candidates for the treatment of inflammation, ocular pain, glaucoma, allergy and dry eye. The Company has three products available for sale in the United States: Xibrom, (bromfenac ophthalmic solution) for the treatment of inflammation and pain following cataract surgery, Istalol, (timolol maleate ophthalmic solution) for the treatment of glaucoma, and Vitrase (hyaluronidase for injection) for use as a spreading agent. The Company also has several product candidates in various stages of development. These include a strong steroid product candidate to treat ocular inflammation, iganidipine to enhance ocular nerve blood flow and a new formulation of latanoprost for the treatment of glaucoma.

Janssen has gone totally mental. A US-based arm of Johnson & Johnson'sglobal pharmaceuticals segment, Janssen focuses exclusively on treatments for mental health conditions. Its flagship offering Risperdal combats bipolar mania and schizophrenia, as well as irritability associated with autism. A long-acting injectable version of the drug, called Risperdal Consta, is approved as a treatment for schizophrenia. With its sister company Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, the company is working on potential drugs for a range of psychiatric problems, including psychosis, sleep disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, and substance abuse.

Phytopharm is hunting for better drugs. The company struck a deal with Unilever in late 2004 to develop a slimming aid based on the African cactus hoodia, used in Africa to stave off hunger during hunting trips. This developer of botanical pharmaceuticals concentrates on four drug-discovery areas -- obesity and metabolic disease, neurodegeneration, inflammation, and dermatology. In addition, Phytopharm markets two veterinary dermatology products in the UK.

Chelsea Therapeutics International, Ltd. was founded in 2002 and is headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. Chelsea Therapeutics International, Ltd., a development stage pharmaceutical company, focuses on the acquisition, development, and commercialization of pharmaceutical products for the treatment of various human diseases. It offers droxidopa, an orally active synthetic precursor of norepinephrine, which is in two double-blind pivotal Phase III trials for the treatment of symptomatic neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, freezing gait in Parkinson's disease, and intradialytic hypotension; for the treatment of intradialytic hypotension for which it has completed a double-blind placebo controlled Phase II study; and for the treatment of fibromyalgia that is in a Phase II trial.Chelsea Therapeutics company also offers a portfolio of molecules for the treatment of various autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, such as a portfolio of metabolically inert antifolate molecules, including CH-1504 for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis that is in a Phase II head-to-head clinical trial; and CH-4051, which is in the Phase I study designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose based on results of single-ascending and multiple-ascending dose evaluations. In addition, it develops antifolate program, a second platform consisting of a portfolio of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase(DHODH), inhibiting compounds known as the I-3D portfolio, a group of orally active compounds that inhibit the enzyme DHODH for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders, including transplant rejection, autoimmune diseases, psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Gilead Palo Alto (formerly CV Therapeutics) is honed in on cardiovascular research. The drug development company specializes in pharmaceuticals to treat chronic cardiovascular diseases. The firm's drug Ranexa, licensed from a Roche subsidiary, is FDA-approved as a first-line and second-line treatment for patients with chronic angina (chest pain). Gilead Palo Alto won approval for its cardiac imaging agent, Lexiscan, in 2008; the drug is marketed by Astellas Pharma. The company is developing potential therapies for ailments including heart failure and atrial fibrillation (irregular heartbeat). Gilead Palo Alto changed its name from CV Therapeutics after being acquired by Gilead Sciences in 2009.

Nutrition 21, Inc. company was founded in 1983 and is headquartered in Purchase, New York. Nutrition 21, Inc., a nutritional bioscience company, develops, markets, and distributes proprietary and clinically substantiated nutritional supplements in the United States. The company sells Chromax branded chromium picolinate to vitamin and supplement and food manufacturers and marketers, as well as directly to retailers for use in human and animal nutrition products. It also develops and commercializes Diabetes Essentials, a proprietary, non-prescription, insulin sensitizer for people with type 2 diabetes. In addition, the company offers a portfolio of health and wellness products under the Iceland Health Maximum Strength Omega-3, Iceland Health Joint Relief, Iceland Health Advanced Memory Formula, Chromax chromium picolinate, Prescriptix Supplements, and Diabetes Essentials names. In addition, Nutrition 21, Inc. grants patent licenses to its ingredients to manufacturers and marketers of vitamin and mineral supplements.

Advanced Vision Research, Inc. company makes TheraTears, a line of over-the-counter eye drops developed to treat dry eye, a condition caused by aging, contact lens wear, sun, or wind. TheraTears are designed to imitate human tears, keeping eyes moist and allowing the surface of the eye to absorb oxygen and other needed nutrients. Other products include a TheraTears version for contact lens-wearers, an Omega-3-infused version to promote eye health, and an eyelid cleanser. Advanced Vision's products are made by Akorn's contract manufacturing unit and are sold through global retail outlets. TheraTears was developed by the late founder and former CEO Jeffrey Gilbard.

Cytori Therapeutics, Inc. company was founded in 1996 and is headquartered in San Diego, California. Cytori Therapeutics, Inc. engages in the development, manufacture, and sale of medical technologies to enable the practice of regenerative medicine. The company develops its product pipeline for the treatments of cardiovascular disease, spinal disc degeneration, gastrointestinal disorders, liver and renal disease, and pelvic health conditions. Its principal products include the Celution System family of products, which processes patients' cells at the bedside in real time. Each member of the Celution System family of products consists of a central device, a related single-use consumable used for each patient procedure, proprietary enzymes, and related instrumentation. The company also offers Celution 800/CRS System for the European cosmetic and reconstructive surgery market through a network of medical distributors; and the Celution 900/MB in Japan through its commercialization partner as part of the StemSource Cell Bank, which prepares cells for cryopreservation. Cytori Therapeutics is conducting two clinical trials on adipose-derived stem and regenerative cells processed with the Celution 600 System in patients suffering from chronic myocardial ischemia and in heart attack patients. In addition, it develops and sells thin film bioresorbable implants in Japan. Further, the company operates a tissue bank facility for the preservation of stem and regenerative cells extracted from adipose tissue. Additionally, it has a joint venture with Olympus Corporation to develop and manufacture second generation devices based on its Celution system.

Polydex Pharmaceuticals likes its molecules nice and large. Polydex company produces biotech and specialty chemical ingredients for use in veterinary medicines. One of Polydex's leading products, iron dextran, is used to treat anemia in piglets. Polydex sells dextran and derivatives worldwide through subsidiaries Dextran Products and Chemdex. Taking a shot at human pharmaceuticals, the company developed a microbicidal gel for potential use as a contraceptive and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. However, development of the product was suspended pending further investigation. Chairman, president, and CEO George Usher and his family control 47% of the voting stock of the company.

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