The National Institutes of Health (NIH), through its own research and the distribution of grants, seeks to understand disease inside and out. Part of the US Department of Health and Human Services, the NIH is the government's main medical research entity. It comprises 27 institutes and centers covering every medical discipline, from general medical sciences to alternative therapies. The organization has nearly 6,000 scientists of its own and gives out some 50,000 grants to researchers at more than 3,000 universities, hospitals, and research labs in all 50 states. Among its vast array of projects, NIH has supported efforts to develop an AIDS vaccine, map human genetic variation, and study avian flu.

Transcept Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Transcept) is a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of products that address important therapeutic needs in the field of neuroscience. The lead Transcept product candidate, Intermezzo, is a sublingual low dose formulation of zolpidem that has been developed for use as-needed for the treatment of insomnia when a middle of the night awakening is followed by difficulty returning to sleep. The Company has completed all scheduled clinical trials on behalf of Intermezzo and submitted a New Drug Application (NDA), to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), on September 30, 2008, which was accepted for filing on December 15, 2008. On January 30, 2009, Transcept completed a merger with Novacea, Inc. As part of the transaction, Novacea changed its name to Transcept Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

QUATRx Pharmaceuticals hopes to capitalize on the bright ideas of others. The biopharmaceutical company acquires compounds in the pre-clinical stage from other companies and academic institutions and takes them through clinical studies then licensing them to pharma giants. The company focuses on developing new therapies for cardiovascular, endocrine, and metabolic conditions. Products in clinical trials include treatments for age-related hormone deficiencies in women and men as well as drugs for high cholesterol and the treatment of psoriasis. Hormos Medical, QUATRx's Finnish subsidiary, conducts most of its preclinical and discovery programs.

XenoPort, Inc. company was founded in 1999 and is based in Santa Clara, California. XenoPort, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company, focuses on developing internally discovered product candidates that utilize the body's natural nutrient transport mechanisms to enhance the therapeutic benefits of drugs. Its portfolio of product candidates includes XP13512, which is a transported prodrug of gabapentin, has been evaluated in a phase III clinical program for the treatment of restless legs syndrome, as well as completed a phase IIa clinical trial for the management of post-herpetic neuralgia; XP19986, a transported prodrug of R-baclofen for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and spasticity; and XP21279, a transported prodrug of levodopa, which is in phase I clinical trial for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The company also develops XP21279, a transported prodrug of L-Dopa, for the treatment of Parkinson's disease; and XP21510, a transported prodrug of tranexamic acid, for the treatment of menorrhagia or heavy menstrual bleeding. XenoPort has strategic alliances with Astellas Pharma, Inc.; Glaxo Group Limited; and Xanodyne Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Bayer HealthCare Diabetes Care Division is sweet on its customers. Part of Bayer HealthCare's massive worldwide operations, the division markets its parent company's blood glucose monitoring systems, self-care software, and lancing devices to consumers through pharmacies, retail stores, hospitals, and wholesalers. The company manufactures the Ascensia line of blood testing systems (including the Breeze 2 and Contour monitors), which it sells in over 100 countries in Asia, Latin America, North America, and western Europe. Bayer has produced diagnostic products for diabetes since 1941 and developed the first portable blood glucose meter and test strips in 1969.

Onyx Pharmaceuticals was founded in 1992 and is headquartered in Emeryville, California. Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company, engages in developing therapies targeting the molecular mechanisms causing cancer in the United States and internationally. Its lead product includes Nexavar (sorafenib) tablets, a novel, oral multiple kinase inhibitor that targets proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis. This product is being developed and marketed in collaboration with Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals. The company is also conducting various ongoing trials on Nexavar for conditions, such as non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, and other cancers. It also develops ONX 0801, an oncology compound in preclinical development stage, under a development and license agreement with BTG International Limited. In addition, Onyx Pharmaceuticals, through a development collaboration, option, and license agreement with S*BIO Pte Ltd, owns options to license the rights of ONX 0803 and ONX 0805. ONX 0803 is an orally available, potent, and selective inhibitor of JAK2; and ONX 0805 is a JAK2 inhibitor. Further, the company has a research and development collaboration agreement with Warner-Lambert Company to discover and commercialize small molecule drugs that restore the control of, or otherwise intervene in, the misregulated cell cycle in tumor cells.

Since its establishment in 1982, Orgenics' objective has been to develop accurate and safe diagnostic products for serious and life-threatening conditions and diseases. Orgenics contributes to the increased awareness and early detection of HIV, infectious diseases, pregnancy and fertility, respiratory diseases, cancer and cardiology through clinical and point-of-care diagnostics. Orgenics delivers products and solutions to partners and customers in over 150 countries around the globe.Orgenics unique and patented ImmunoComb® technology is quick and easy to use, providing high sensitivity and specificity. Instrument free Orgenics' ImmunoComb® kits are ideal for decentralized clinical laboratories, field hospitals and remote rural areas. Orgenics' ImmunoLISA™ system is based on classic ELISA assay principle and is suitable for any laboratory setting.

Allon Therapeutics Inc. company's primary focus is on developing treatments for Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases that lead to memory loss and cognitive impairment. Its lead candidate AL-108 is a nasal spray that has shown some efficacy in clinical trials in treating the symptoms of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, a precursor to Alzheimer's. Allon has collaborations with the National Institute on Aging, the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study, the Institute for the Study of Aging, and the Tel Aviv University.

Agencourt Biosciences uses more modern weapons to win its battles. The company provides genomic services (including DNA and whole genome sequencing) and nucleic acid purification products that help researchers improve the effectiveness of their drug development process. The company has teamed with a handful of international distributors and marketing partners to get its products into users' hands: These partners include Affymetrix and Life Technologies (formerly Invitrogen). Agencourt Biosciences is a subsidiary of Beckman Coulter.

Quantum was founded in 1981. Quantum, Inc. company distributes dozens of natural products to consumers and health food retailers in the US and Canada. Quantum's inventory includes vitamins, insect repellents, and skin care products. The firm also manufactures items designed for women's and men's health, age management, weight loss, and immune system health. In all, Quantum offers about 60 different products sold individually as well as in "value packs" of related products such as its outdoor kit which offers insect repellant, sun block, insect bite treatment, and anti-itch cream. The company also sells anti-aging, cold sore, and immune support kits.

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